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Politics · Technology · Digital regulation  ·  where data speaks before headlines
Snapshot data
AML/OFAC enforcement against banks and fintech — 418 penalties documented 418 AML/OFAC penalties documented across 177 countries and 379 regula… Corporate bankruptcy and insolvency (Chapter 11) — 4 major corporate bankrup… Corporate bankruptcies hit decade highs: over 717 in the year per S&P… High-impact litigation risk index — 4 high-impact litigations… The risk index (0-100) aggregates five objective factors —procedural … Merger control: multi-jurisdiction competition … — 9 decisions and jurisdict… Merger control diverges by jurisdiction in 2026: the Trump administra… PEPs and sanctions networks · Ibero-American graph — 40 PEP/company nodes with … Ibero-American PEP→company→sanction graph (core: Mapa del Poder, 424 … Sovereign debt distress and restructurings — 5 distress/restructuring … The IMF's 6th Global Sovereign Debt Roundtable report (April 15, 2026… Forced labor in supply chains: entity lists — 4 forced-labor exposure i… Upstream exposure intelligence densifies: the UFLPA Entity List reach… EU AI Act — designation of national authorities — 3/10/14 / 27 Member States Tracker's first event: 3 states with both authorities / 10 partial / … AI Act · Notified bodies for conformity assessment — 1 body with AI-specific a… Ecosystem 'not ready' as of Mar-2026 (standards unpublished, insuffic… Scandal → conviction gap — — milestones logged +1 mirror case: Uribe — 7 years to convict, 8 weeks to reverse, open-… Technology ↔ regulation gap — 26 regulatory milestones +1: Peru closes the generative-AI gap in ~3 years (DS 115-2025-PCM), … CNMC Spain · the Digital Services Coordinator g… — 6 documented milestones The gap becomes chronic: Congress struck down the CNMC's legal empowe… Corporate data breaches: from incident to response — 11 breaches documented +1: Canvas/Instructure, the largest known education breach (≈275M rec… Migration friction in corporate and event mobility — 3 incidents and policies … The 2026 World Cup works as a live stress test: 39 countries under fu… Power and corruption in the courts in Ibero-Ame… — 29 documented cases Jun-2026 review: Uribe updated — first-instance conviction overturned… Crypto · Licenses and authorizations by jurisdi… — 40+ CASPs with full MiCA au… July 1, 2026 cliff: the transitional regime expires (ESMA, Apr 17) wi… Data breaches · Class-action settlements — 5 settlements and mass ca… 271 million dollars across four settlements approved or with deadline… Digital regulatory risk index by country — 16 countries profiled Jun-2026 review: Brazil updated on two layers (EU adequacy Jan 26, 20… Digital services taxes (DST) by country — 3 tax-map milestones docu… About half of European OECD countries have a DST announced, proposed … Global election risk 2026: democracy and digita… — 32 elections profiled 32 electoral processes of 2026 profiled by political regime and digit… ESG · Greenwashing enforcement — 3 enforcement milestones … The legal floor arrives Sep 27, 2026 (ECGT across the 27; transpositi… EU · Digital & sustainability regulatory deadli… — 6 calendar milestones doc… Next critical deadlines: Jun 23, 2026 closes the high-risk classifica… Export controls · Entity List and advanced chips — 6 regime milestones docum… The 2026 shift: licensing for H200/MI325X and equivalents to China mo… GDPR · International transfers and adequacy dec… — 6 framework milestones do… The EU-US DPF remains in force after surviving its first judicial cha… LATAM · AI bills in legislative process — 150+ bills identified 150+ count re-verified; milestones: Peru only country with a regulate… LATAM · Judicial and regulatory sanctions on pl… — $5,2M USD · fine on X Corp. i… Paradigm shift: the STF declared Art. 19 of the Marco Civil partially… Digital political ad spending 2026 — 6 country-platform observ… AdImpact's revised projection (Jun 11): $11.6bn for the 2026 cycle — … Shadow fleet · Sanctioned vessels and enablers — 632 vessels designated by t… +46 vessels in the 20th package (Reg. 2026/506/509/511) to 632; Art. … Whistleblower awards · SEC, CFTC and equivalent… — 3 program milestones docu… The SEC awarded over $60M to 48 whistleblowers in fiscal year 2025 (2… AI Act · Sanctions regime and its actual enforc… — 0 documented AI Act fines… 0 AI Act penalties issued to date: enforcement of high-risk obligatio… Beneficial ownership transparency (UBO / CTA / … — 4 transparency milestones 4 beneficial-ownership transparency milestones documented; the EU req… Crypto industry: collapses, sanctions and convi… — 13 documented cases 13 cases of collapses, sanctions and convictions in the crypto sector… AI harms in court — litigation, rulings and set… — 103 documented cases 103 AI-related harm and rights lawsuits documented; 2026 milestones: … DMA · designated gatekeepers and real compliance — 9 documented DMA acts 9 DMA compliance actions documented against gatekeepers; 2026 develop… Documented electoral disinformation 2026 — 7 documented campaigns 7 electoral disinformation campaigns or patterns documented with open… GDPR · which national authority really sanctions — 11 authorities profiled 11 GDPR enforcement country profiles and milestones documented; 2026 … LATAM · Internet shutdowns and platform blocks — 8 documented events · 202… 8 internet shutdown and blocking episodes documented in Latin America… Operational resilience & cyber (DORA / NIS2 / SEC) — 4 regulatory milestones 4 operational-resilience milestones documented; 2026 is the first rea… Digital fines actually imposed — 61 sanctions recorded 61 high-value penalties across 18 jurisdictions and 6 continents; cov… Commercial spyware: documented cases worldwide — 23 documented cases 23 spyware and surveillance cases documented across the Ibero-America… Trade compliance & forced labor (UFLPA) — 4 actions documented 4 trade-compliance actions on forced labor documented; under UFLPA ar… US · the state AI regulation patchwork — 10 laws and milestones 10 state AI laws or milestones documented in the U.S.; 2026 developme… Electoral digital integrity 2026 — 13 elections profiled 13 elections profiled by digital integrity; 5 with transparent politi… Climate: the gap between pledge and action — 12 countries assessed 12 countries assessed by the Climate Action Tracker: 10 with insuffic… Content moderation: appeals and reversals — 19 documented decisions 19 appealed and reviewed moderation decisions, with their policy, ori… Public AI spending — global government contracts — 50 documented contracts 50 public AI contracts across 15 jurisdictions on 5 continents (45 wi… Campaign promises → fulfillment — 29 term evaluations 29 terms evaluated across 25 countries on five continents EU · Consolidated DSA enforcement decisions — €120M first DSA fine · X · 5 … 5 Member States referred to CJEU for insufficient DSC implementation LATAM · Digital spending in 2026 electoral camp… — $14.794M COP · highest declared … Only 8 of 13 campaigns had reported in Cuentas Claras by mid-May Ibero-America · documented public contracts wit… — 3 contracts verified with… DC registry kickoff · ongoing monthly manual sweep RSF · Press freedom in Latin America — 144 Peru's rank (the region… AR -11 · PE -14 · SV -8 · EC -31 · USA -7 AML/OFAC enforcement against banks and fintech — 418 penalties documented 418 AML/OFAC penalties documented across 177 countries and 379 regula… Corporate bankruptcy and insolvency (Chapter 11) — 4 major corporate bankrup… Corporate bankruptcies hit decade highs: over 717 in the year per S&P… High-impact litigation risk index — 4 high-impact litigations… The risk index (0-100) aggregates five objective factors —procedural … Merger control: multi-jurisdiction competition … — 9 decisions and jurisdict… Merger control diverges by jurisdiction in 2026: the Trump administra… PEPs and sanctions networks · Ibero-American graph — 40 PEP/company nodes with … Ibero-American PEP→company→sanction graph (core: Mapa del Poder, 424 … Sovereign debt distress and restructurings — 5 distress/restructuring … The IMF's 6th Global Sovereign Debt Roundtable report (April 15, 2026… Forced labor in supply chains: entity lists — 4 forced-labor exposure i… Upstream exposure intelligence densifies: the UFLPA Entity List reach… EU AI Act — designation of national authorities — 3/10/14 / 27 Member States Tracker's first event: 3 states with both authorities / 10 partial / … AI Act · Notified bodies for conformity assessment — 1 body with AI-specific a… Ecosystem 'not ready' as of Mar-2026 (standards unpublished, insuffic… Scandal → conviction gap — — milestones logged +1 mirror case: Uribe — 7 years to convict, 8 weeks to reverse, open-… Technology ↔ regulation gap — 26 regulatory milestones +1: Peru closes the generative-AI gap in ~3 years (DS 115-2025-PCM), … CNMC Spain · the Digital Services Coordinator g… — 6 documented milestones The gap becomes chronic: Congress struck down the CNMC's legal empowe… Corporate data breaches: from incident to response — 11 breaches documented +1: Canvas/Instructure, the largest known education breach (≈275M rec… Migration friction in corporate and event mobility — 3 incidents and policies … The 2026 World Cup works as a live stress test: 39 countries under fu… Power and corruption in the courts in Ibero-Ame… — 29 documented cases Jun-2026 review: Uribe updated — first-instance conviction overturned… Crypto · Licenses and authorizations by jurisdi… — 40+ CASPs with full MiCA au… July 1, 2026 cliff: the transitional regime expires (ESMA, Apr 17) wi… Data breaches · Class-action settlements — 5 settlements and mass ca… 271 million dollars across four settlements approved or with deadline… Digital regulatory risk index by country — 16 countries profiled Jun-2026 review: Brazil updated on two layers (EU adequacy Jan 26, 20… Digital services taxes (DST) by country — 3 tax-map milestones docu… About half of European OECD countries have a DST announced, proposed … Global election risk 2026: democracy and digita… — 32 elections profiled 32 electoral processes of 2026 profiled by political regime and digit… ESG · Greenwashing enforcement — 3 enforcement milestones … The legal floor arrives Sep 27, 2026 (ECGT across the 27; transpositi… EU · Digital & sustainability regulatory deadli… — 6 calendar milestones doc… Next critical deadlines: Jun 23, 2026 closes the high-risk classifica… Export controls · Entity List and advanced chips — 6 regime milestones docum… The 2026 shift: licensing for H200/MI325X and equivalents to China mo… GDPR · International transfers and adequacy dec… — 6 framework milestones do… The EU-US DPF remains in force after surviving its first judicial cha… LATAM · AI bills in legislative process — 150+ bills identified 150+ count re-verified; milestones: Peru only country with a regulate… LATAM · Judicial and regulatory sanctions on pl… — $5,2M USD · fine on X Corp. i… Paradigm shift: the STF declared Art. 19 of the Marco Civil partially… Digital political ad spending 2026 — 6 country-platform observ… AdImpact's revised projection (Jun 11): $11.6bn for the 2026 cycle — … Shadow fleet · Sanctioned vessels and enablers — 632 vessels designated by t… +46 vessels in the 20th package (Reg. 2026/506/509/511) to 632; Art. … Whistleblower awards · SEC, CFTC and equivalent… — 3 program milestones docu… The SEC awarded over $60M to 48 whistleblowers in fiscal year 2025 (2… AI Act · Sanctions regime and its actual enforc… — 0 documented AI Act fines… 0 AI Act penalties issued to date: enforcement of high-risk obligatio… Beneficial ownership transparency (UBO / CTA / … — 4 transparency milestones 4 beneficial-ownership transparency milestones documented; the EU req… Crypto industry: collapses, sanctions and convi… — 13 documented cases 13 cases of collapses, sanctions and convictions in the crypto sector… AI harms in court — litigation, rulings and set… — 103 documented cases 103 AI-related harm and rights lawsuits documented; 2026 milestones: … DMA · designated gatekeepers and real compliance — 9 documented DMA acts 9 DMA compliance actions documented against gatekeepers; 2026 develop… Documented electoral disinformation 2026 — 7 documented campaigns 7 electoral disinformation campaigns or patterns documented with open… GDPR · which national authority really sanctions — 11 authorities profiled 11 GDPR enforcement country profiles and milestones documented; 2026 … LATAM · Internet shutdowns and platform blocks — 8 documented events · 202… 8 internet shutdown and blocking episodes documented in Latin America… Operational resilience & cyber (DORA / NIS2 / SEC) — 4 regulatory milestones 4 operational-resilience milestones documented; 2026 is the first rea… Digital fines actually imposed — 61 sanctions recorded 61 high-value penalties across 18 jurisdictions and 6 continents; cov… Commercial spyware: documented cases worldwide — 23 documented cases 23 spyware and surveillance cases documented across the Ibero-America… Trade compliance & forced labor (UFLPA) — 4 actions documented 4 trade-compliance actions on forced labor documented; under UFLPA ar… US · the state AI regulation patchwork — 10 laws and milestones 10 state AI laws or milestones documented in the U.S.; 2026 developme… Electoral digital integrity 2026 — 13 elections profiled 13 elections profiled by digital integrity; 5 with transparent politi… Climate: the gap between pledge and action — 12 countries assessed 12 countries assessed by the Climate Action Tracker: 10 with insuffic… Content moderation: appeals and reversals — 19 documented decisions 19 appealed and reviewed moderation decisions, with their policy, ori… Public AI spending — global government contracts — 50 documented contracts 50 public AI contracts across 15 jurisdictions on 5 continents (45 wi… Campaign promises → fulfillment — 29 term evaluations 29 terms evaluated across 25 countries on five continents EU · Consolidated DSA enforcement decisions — €120M first DSA fine · X · 5 … 5 Member States referred to CJEU for insufficient DSC implementation LATAM · Digital spending in 2026 electoral camp… — $14.794M COP · highest declared … Only 8 of 13 campaigns had reported in Cuentas Claras by mid-May Ibero-America · documented public contracts wit… — 3 contracts verified with… DC registry kickoff · ongoing monthly manual sweep RSF · Press freedom in Latin America — 144 Peru's rank (the region… AR -11 · PE -14 · SV -8 · EC -31 · USA -7
/ trackers / latam-ai-bills
LATAM · AI regulatory convergence

LATAM · AI bills in legislative process

Number of artificial intelligence bills filed in Latin American national congresses and currently in the legislative process, per Niubox monitoring published between February 2025 and November 2025. The figure excludes bills shelved on substantive or procedural grounds.

Snapshot · June 12, 2026
150+
bills identified
→ 150+ count re-verified; milestones: Peru only country with a regulated law (Law 31814 + DS 115-2025-PCM), Brazil PL 2338 in the Chamber with entry into force expected in 2026, Chile Bulletin 16.821-19 in first reading

Evolution

Data analysis

Statistical readings derived from the attributes of each recorded case. All figures come from the documented events; amounts are computed only over cases with a sum expressed in the indicated currency, without converting between currencies.

AI bills tracked in the region

Evolution of the number of AI bills under consideration in Latin America, per the reports cited at each cut-off.

Reading the data

More than 150 artificial-intelligence bills are moving through Latin American congresses. The figure shows a region legislating intensively on AI, though most initiatives have yet to become law in force.

AM
Alexandra A. Medina · Technology expert · Ciudad de México
June 8, 2026 · 2 min read

Latin America is not waiting for Europe or the United States to decide how to regulate artificial intelligence: it is legislating on its own, and a lot. This indicator tracks the number of AI bills introduced in the region's national congresses and under consideration, per the available specialised monitoring. The figure exceeds 150 identified initiatives.

The number should be read with perspective: introducing a bill is not passing it, and many of those initiatives will not become law in force. But the volume reveals a genuine regulatory appetite and a region that wants to take part in designing the rules, not just import them. The value of this scalar indicator lies in following its evolution: how many of those 150-plus initiatives cross the threshold of enactment.

Methodology note

The figure gathers AI bills under legislative consideration per the cited regional monitoring; it counts introduced initiatives, not enacted laws. The figure is attributed to the monitoring source, never to an assessment of our own.

Observation history

As of Value Note / source
January 31, 2026 150+ Informe Niubox actualizado enero 2026, con cierre de datos en agosto 2025. Coautoría con firmas legales locales (MARYVA Argentina, Gusmão & Labrunie Brasil, Magliona Chile, Datalex Costa Rica, Instrag México, Panama Legal Group, Rivero-Quirino Uruguay-Paraguay, Niubox Perú-Ecuador-Colombia). México + Argentina + Perú lideran. Solo Perú aprobó ley específica (Ley 31814 + DS 115-2025-PCM). source ↗ source ↗
November 19, 2025 ~140 Actualización Niubox noviembre 2025: distribución Argentina 49 + México 48 concentran cerca de la mitad del total regional. Perú entra al top 3 de fiebre legislativa. source ↗
February 4, 2025 109 Cifra del informe Niubox inicial publicado en febrero de 2025. 98 proyectos en trámite, 8 países cubiertos. La cifra excluye 40+ proyectos archivados por cuestiones de fondo o procedimiento. source ↗

Methodology

Type
scalar
Construction
Single-source aggregation
Cadence
monthly

Sources consulted

  1. Niubox · Informe Regional: Desafíos Regulatorios de la IA en Latinoamérica ↗ civil-society

    Latin American law firm specialized in technology regulation. Maintains continuous monitoring of AI legislative initiatives in the region. Co-authored with local law firms by country. Latest public update of the catalog in January 2026.

  2. Portafolio Colombia · cobertura Bloomberg Línea sobre informe Niubox feb 2025 ↗ press

    First citation of the initial Niubox 2024 report, which reported 109 initiatives and 98 in progress.

  3. Gestión Perú · cobertura nov 2025 sobre informe Niubox actualizado ↗ press

    Cites the Niubox update with country-by-country distribution: Argentina 49 and Mexico 48 concentrate nearly half the regional total. Peru enters the top 3 of legislative fervor.

  4. La Nota en Línea · presentación actualización Niubox enero 2026 ↗ press

    Updated report co-authored with law firms by country. Data cut-off in August 2025. Niubox reports more than 150 bills identified at the report's close.

  5. Universidad de los Andes · Regulación sobre IA en América Latina y el Caribe (V.3.0, marzo 2026) ↗ academic

    Academic repository by Gutiérrez & Hurtado: each regulation or bill characterized across 40 variables; downloadable dataset. Version 3.0 published March 2026.

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