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Politics · Technology · Digital regulation  ·  where data speaks before headlines
Snapshot data
AML/OFAC enforcement against banks and fintech — 418 penalties documented 418 AML/OFAC penalties documented across 177 countries and 379 regula… Corporate bankruptcy and insolvency (Chapter 11) — 4 major corporate bankrup… Corporate bankruptcies hit decade highs: over 717 in the year per S&P… High-impact litigation risk index — 4 high-impact litigations… The risk index (0-100) aggregates five objective factors —procedural … Merger control: multi-jurisdiction competition … — 9 decisions and jurisdict… Merger control diverges by jurisdiction in 2026: the Trump administra… PEPs and sanctions networks · Ibero-American graph — 40 PEP/company nodes with … Ibero-American PEP→company→sanction graph (core: Mapa del Poder, 424 … Sovereign debt distress and restructurings — 5 distress/restructuring … The IMF's 6th Global Sovereign Debt Roundtable report (April 15, 2026… Forced labor in supply chains: entity lists — 4 forced-labor exposure i… Upstream exposure intelligence densifies: the UFLPA Entity List reach… EU AI Act — designation of national authorities — 3/10/14 / 27 Member States Tracker's first event: 3 states with both authorities / 10 partial / … AI Act · Notified bodies for conformity assessment — 1 body with AI-specific a… Ecosystem 'not ready' as of Mar-2026 (standards unpublished, insuffic… Scandal → conviction gap — — milestones logged +1 mirror case: Uribe — 7 years to convict, 8 weeks to reverse, open-… Technology ↔ regulation gap — 26 regulatory milestones +1: Peru closes the generative-AI gap in ~3 years (DS 115-2025-PCM), … CNMC Spain · the Digital Services Coordinator g… — 6 documented milestones The gap becomes chronic: Congress struck down the CNMC's legal empowe… Corporate data breaches: from incident to response — 11 breaches documented +1: Canvas/Instructure, the largest known education breach (≈275M rec… Migration friction in corporate and event mobility — 3 incidents and policies … The 2026 World Cup works as a live stress test: 39 countries under fu… Power and corruption in the courts in Ibero-Ame… — 29 documented cases Jun-2026 review: Uribe updated — first-instance conviction overturned… Crypto · Licenses and authorizations by jurisdi… — 40+ CASPs with full MiCA au… July 1, 2026 cliff: the transitional regime expires (ESMA, Apr 17) wi… Data breaches · Class-action settlements — 5 settlements and mass ca… 271 million dollars across four settlements approved or with deadline… Digital regulatory risk index by country — 16 countries profiled Jun-2026 review: Brazil updated on two layers (EU adequacy Jan 26, 20… Digital services taxes (DST) by country — 3 tax-map milestones docu… About half of European OECD countries have a DST announced, proposed … Global election risk 2026: democracy and digita… — 32 elections profiled 32 electoral processes of 2026 profiled by political regime and digit… ESG · Greenwashing enforcement — 3 enforcement milestones … The legal floor arrives Sep 27, 2026 (ECGT across the 27; transpositi… EU · Digital & sustainability regulatory deadli… — 6 calendar milestones doc… Next critical deadlines: Jun 23, 2026 closes the high-risk classifica… Export controls · Entity List and advanced chips — 6 regime milestones docum… The 2026 shift: licensing for H200/MI325X and equivalents to China mo… GDPR · International transfers and adequacy dec… — 6 framework milestones do… The EU-US DPF remains in force after surviving its first judicial cha… LATAM · AI bills in legislative process — 150+ bills identified 150+ count re-verified; milestones: Peru only country with a regulate… LATAM · Judicial and regulatory sanctions on pl… — $5,2M USD · fine on X Corp. i… Paradigm shift: the STF declared Art. 19 of the Marco Civil partially… Digital political ad spending 2026 — 6 country-platform observ… AdImpact's revised projection (Jun 11): $11.6bn for the 2026 cycle — … Shadow fleet · Sanctioned vessels and enablers — 632 vessels designated by t… +46 vessels in the 20th package (Reg. 2026/506/509/511) to 632; Art. … Whistleblower awards · SEC, CFTC and equivalent… — 3 program milestones docu… The SEC awarded over $60M to 48 whistleblowers in fiscal year 2025 (2… AI Act · Sanctions regime and its actual enforc… — 0 documented AI Act fines… 0 AI Act penalties issued to date: enforcement of high-risk obligatio… Beneficial ownership transparency (UBO / CTA / … — 4 transparency milestones 4 beneficial-ownership transparency milestones documented; the EU req… Crypto industry: collapses, sanctions and convi… — 13 documented cases 13 cases of collapses, sanctions and convictions in the crypto sector… AI harms in court — litigation, rulings and set… — 103 documented cases 103 AI-related harm and rights lawsuits documented; 2026 milestones: … DMA · designated gatekeepers and real compliance — 9 documented DMA acts 9 DMA compliance actions documented against gatekeepers; 2026 develop… Documented electoral disinformation 2026 — 7 documented campaigns 7 electoral disinformation campaigns or patterns documented with open… GDPR · which national authority really sanctions — 11 authorities profiled 11 GDPR enforcement country profiles and milestones documented; 2026 … LATAM · Internet shutdowns and platform blocks — 8 documented events · 202… 8 internet shutdown and blocking episodes documented in Latin America… Operational resilience & cyber (DORA / NIS2 / SEC) — 4 regulatory milestones 4 operational-resilience milestones documented; 2026 is the first rea… Digital fines actually imposed — 61 sanctions recorded 61 high-value penalties across 18 jurisdictions and 6 continents; cov… Commercial spyware: documented cases worldwide — 23 documented cases 23 spyware and surveillance cases documented across the Ibero-America… Trade compliance & forced labor (UFLPA) — 4 actions documented 4 trade-compliance actions on forced labor documented; under UFLPA ar… US · the state AI regulation patchwork — 10 laws and milestones 10 state AI laws or milestones documented in the U.S.; 2026 developme… Electoral digital integrity 2026 — 13 elections profiled 13 elections profiled by digital integrity; 5 with transparent politi… Climate: the gap between pledge and action — 12 countries assessed 12 countries assessed by the Climate Action Tracker: 10 with insuffic… Content moderation: appeals and reversals — 19 documented decisions 19 appealed and reviewed moderation decisions, with their policy, ori… Public AI spending — global government contracts — 50 documented contracts 50 public AI contracts across 15 jurisdictions on 5 continents (45 wi… Campaign promises → fulfillment — 29 term evaluations 29 terms evaluated across 25 countries on five continents EU · Consolidated DSA enforcement decisions — €120M first DSA fine · X · 5 … 5 Member States referred to CJEU for insufficient DSC implementation LATAM · Digital spending in 2026 electoral camp… — $14.794M COP · highest declared … Only 8 of 13 campaigns had reported in Cuentas Claras by mid-May Ibero-America · documented public contracts wit… — 3 contracts verified with… DC registry kickoff · ongoing monthly manual sweep RSF · Press freedom in Latin America — 144 Peru's rank (the region… AR -11 · PE -14 · SV -8 · EC -31 · USA -7 AML/OFAC enforcement against banks and fintech — 418 penalties documented 418 AML/OFAC penalties documented across 177 countries and 379 regula… Corporate bankruptcy and insolvency (Chapter 11) — 4 major corporate bankrup… Corporate bankruptcies hit decade highs: over 717 in the year per S&P… High-impact litigation risk index — 4 high-impact litigations… The risk index (0-100) aggregates five objective factors —procedural … Merger control: multi-jurisdiction competition … — 9 decisions and jurisdict… Merger control diverges by jurisdiction in 2026: the Trump administra… PEPs and sanctions networks · Ibero-American graph — 40 PEP/company nodes with … Ibero-American PEP→company→sanction graph (core: Mapa del Poder, 424 … Sovereign debt distress and restructurings — 5 distress/restructuring … The IMF's 6th Global Sovereign Debt Roundtable report (April 15, 2026… Forced labor in supply chains: entity lists — 4 forced-labor exposure i… Upstream exposure intelligence densifies: the UFLPA Entity List reach… EU AI Act — designation of national authorities — 3/10/14 / 27 Member States Tracker's first event: 3 states with both authorities / 10 partial / … AI Act · Notified bodies for conformity assessment — 1 body with AI-specific a… Ecosystem 'not ready' as of Mar-2026 (standards unpublished, insuffic… Scandal → conviction gap — — milestones logged +1 mirror case: Uribe — 7 years to convict, 8 weeks to reverse, open-… Technology ↔ regulation gap — 26 regulatory milestones +1: Peru closes the generative-AI gap in ~3 years (DS 115-2025-PCM), … CNMC Spain · the Digital Services Coordinator g… — 6 documented milestones The gap becomes chronic: Congress struck down the CNMC's legal empowe… Corporate data breaches: from incident to response — 11 breaches documented +1: Canvas/Instructure, the largest known education breach (≈275M rec… Migration friction in corporate and event mobility — 3 incidents and policies … The 2026 World Cup works as a live stress test: 39 countries under fu… Power and corruption in the courts in Ibero-Ame… — 29 documented cases Jun-2026 review: Uribe updated — first-instance conviction overturned… Crypto · Licenses and authorizations by jurisdi… — 40+ CASPs with full MiCA au… July 1, 2026 cliff: the transitional regime expires (ESMA, Apr 17) wi… Data breaches · Class-action settlements — 5 settlements and mass ca… 271 million dollars across four settlements approved or with deadline… Digital regulatory risk index by country — 16 countries profiled Jun-2026 review: Brazil updated on two layers (EU adequacy Jan 26, 20… Digital services taxes (DST) by country — 3 tax-map milestones docu… About half of European OECD countries have a DST announced, proposed … Global election risk 2026: democracy and digita… — 32 elections profiled 32 electoral processes of 2026 profiled by political regime and digit… ESG · Greenwashing enforcement — 3 enforcement milestones … The legal floor arrives Sep 27, 2026 (ECGT across the 27; transpositi… EU · Digital & sustainability regulatory deadli… — 6 calendar milestones doc… Next critical deadlines: Jun 23, 2026 closes the high-risk classifica… Export controls · Entity List and advanced chips — 6 regime milestones docum… The 2026 shift: licensing for H200/MI325X and equivalents to China mo… GDPR · International transfers and adequacy dec… — 6 framework milestones do… The EU-US DPF remains in force after surviving its first judicial cha… LATAM · AI bills in legislative process — 150+ bills identified 150+ count re-verified; milestones: Peru only country with a regulate… LATAM · Judicial and regulatory sanctions on pl… — $5,2M USD · fine on X Corp. i… Paradigm shift: the STF declared Art. 19 of the Marco Civil partially… Digital political ad spending 2026 — 6 country-platform observ… AdImpact's revised projection (Jun 11): $11.6bn for the 2026 cycle — … Shadow fleet · Sanctioned vessels and enablers — 632 vessels designated by t… +46 vessels in the 20th package (Reg. 2026/506/509/511) to 632; Art. … Whistleblower awards · SEC, CFTC and equivalent… — 3 program milestones docu… The SEC awarded over $60M to 48 whistleblowers in fiscal year 2025 (2… AI Act · Sanctions regime and its actual enforc… — 0 documented AI Act fines… 0 AI Act penalties issued to date: enforcement of high-risk obligatio… Beneficial ownership transparency (UBO / CTA / … — 4 transparency milestones 4 beneficial-ownership transparency milestones documented; the EU req… Crypto industry: collapses, sanctions and convi… — 13 documented cases 13 cases of collapses, sanctions and convictions in the crypto sector… AI harms in court — litigation, rulings and set… — 103 documented cases 103 AI-related harm and rights lawsuits documented; 2026 milestones: … DMA · designated gatekeepers and real compliance — 9 documented DMA acts 9 DMA compliance actions documented against gatekeepers; 2026 develop… Documented electoral disinformation 2026 — 7 documented campaigns 7 electoral disinformation campaigns or patterns documented with open… GDPR · which national authority really sanctions — 11 authorities profiled 11 GDPR enforcement country profiles and milestones documented; 2026 … LATAM · Internet shutdowns and platform blocks — 8 documented events · 202… 8 internet shutdown and blocking episodes documented in Latin America… Operational resilience & cyber (DORA / NIS2 / SEC) — 4 regulatory milestones 4 operational-resilience milestones documented; 2026 is the first rea… Digital fines actually imposed — 61 sanctions recorded 61 high-value penalties across 18 jurisdictions and 6 continents; cov… Commercial spyware: documented cases worldwide — 23 documented cases 23 spyware and surveillance cases documented across the Ibero-America… Trade compliance & forced labor (UFLPA) — 4 actions documented 4 trade-compliance actions on forced labor documented; under UFLPA ar… US · the state AI regulation patchwork — 10 laws and milestones 10 state AI laws or milestones documented in the U.S.; 2026 developme… Electoral digital integrity 2026 — 13 elections profiled 13 elections profiled by digital integrity; 5 with transparent politi… Climate: the gap between pledge and action — 12 countries assessed 12 countries assessed by the Climate Action Tracker: 10 with insuffic… Content moderation: appeals and reversals — 19 documented decisions 19 appealed and reviewed moderation decisions, with their policy, ori… Public AI spending — global government contracts — 50 documented contracts 50 public AI contracts across 15 jurisdictions on 5 continents (45 wi… Campaign promises → fulfillment — 29 term evaluations 29 terms evaluated across 25 countries on five continents EU · Consolidated DSA enforcement decisions — €120M first DSA fine · X · 5 … 5 Member States referred to CJEU for insufficient DSC implementation LATAM · Digital spending in 2026 electoral camp… — $14.794M COP · highest declared … Only 8 of 13 campaigns had reported in Cuentas Claras by mid-May Ibero-America · documented public contracts wit… — 3 contracts verified with… DC registry kickoff · ongoing monthly manual sweep RSF · Press freedom in Latin America — 144 Peru's rank (the region… AR -11 · PE -14 · SV -8 · EC -31 · USA -7
/ trackers / latam-digital-electoral-spending
LATAM · 2026 elections · Ad transparency

LATAM · Digital spending in 2026 electoral campaigns

Registry of digital advertising spend reported by presidential campaigns during the 2026 Latin American electoral cycle, cross-referencing three sources: official spending reports (in Colombia, the National Electoral Council's Cuentas Claras platform), independent electoral observation reports (Misión de Observación Electoral, Transparencia por Colombia), and platform ad transparency libraries (Meta Ad Library, Google Political Advertising Transparency, TikTok). The tracker logs both what campaigns officially report and the gap between that declared spend and what platforms register — because most countries' electoral law in the region regulates radio, press, and TV advertising but leaves social media in a grey zone. Diálogo Ciudadano logs only figures with verifiable sources and distinguishes declared spend from third-party estimates.

Snapshot · May 21, 2026
$14.794M
COP · highest declared spend (Cepeda) as of 11 May 2026
↑ Only 8 of 13 campaigns had reported in Cuentas Claras by mid-May

Evolution

Data analysis

Statistical readings derived from the attributes of each recorded case. All figures come from the documented events; amounts are computed only over cases with a sum expressed in the indicated currency, without converting between currencies.

Records by source type

Origin of each digital electoral spending datum (electoral observation report, regulatory analysis, declared accounts…).

Reading the data

Digital spending declared by Colombia's 2026 presidential campaigns already exceeds 14 billion pesos in the largest recorded case. The figure cross-checks three sources, but depends on what each campaign reports: the declared amount is the floor, not the ceiling.

CT
Celinda S. Tórrez · Correspondent — Colombia · Bogotá
June 6, 2026 · 3 min read

Political advertising moved to the platforms, but transparency did not always follow. This tracker follows the digital spending declared by presidential campaigns in the 2026 Latin American cycle, starting with Colombia, cross-checking three sources: the official Cuentas Claras system, the Electoral Observation Mission reports and regulatory analyses.

The largest declared spend exceeds 14 billion Colombian pesos in the inter-party primary phase. But the figure must be read with caution: it reflects what campaigns report, and under-reporting is the norm in digital political advertising. The declared amount marks a verifiable floor, not the real spend, which is almost always higher. The tracker's value lies in making that floor comparable and traceable, campaign by campaign.

Methodology note

Each record cross-checks the campaign's official report with observation reports and regulatory analysis, in the local currency. The figure reflects what is declared, which by its nature underestimates the real spend. Assessments are attributed to the cited sources, never to this outlet.

Documented events (5)

May 21, 2026 CO confirmed

The grey zone: the CNE does not regulate social media ad caps

The National Electoral Council sets campaign spending caps (Resolution 4737 of 2023) and the cap is per political grouping, not per candidate. But the CNE's electoral advertising regulation covers radio spots and press and TV advertising — it sets no specific caps for social media. The Misión de Observación Electoral and Transparencia por Colombia warn this leaves digital advertising in a grey zone: campaigns must report all spending, including digital, in Cuentas Claras, but tracking is difficult when the advertiser is unidentified, as with so-called 'bodegas' or disinformation campaigns. In 2022, a presidential campaign spent over COP 1 billion on digital advertising in just 30 days.

El Espectador · Más de $1.000 millones en pauta en 30 días ↗ MOE · Financiación de las campañas 2026 ↗
May 11, 2026 CO confirmed

Sergio Fajardo and Claudia López report smaller spends; general reporting lag

Sergio Fajardo reported COP 1.401 billion in spending (COP 1.576 billion in income). Claudia López recorded far lower figures: COP 87 million in income and COP 86 million in spending, the last among the higher-polling group to report. Other campaigns such as Mauricio Lizcano's had not updated the expenditure section. The reporting lag in Cuentas Claras illustrates one of the system's limitations: real-time reporting is voluntary and many campaigns report late.

Infobae · Ingresos y gastos de campaña, solo ocho aspirantes reportaron ↗
May 20, 2026 CO confirmed

Abelardo de la Espriella reports COP 12.458 billion in campaign spend

Abelardo de la Espriella (second in polls at 20.4%) recorded campaign spending of COP 12.458 billion. De la Espriella, alongside Paloma Valencia and Iván Cepeda, has bet on differentiated social media strategies to boost name recognition and attract undecided voters, in a contest where digital investment became central.

Cambio · Reposición de votos y gastos de campaña ↗
May 11, 2026 CO confirmed

Iván Cepeda reports the highest campaign spend: COP 14.794 billion, COP 9.853 billion on advertising

According to reports on the National Electoral Council's Cuentas Claras platform, by 11 May 2026 Iván Cepeda (Pacto Histórico, polling leader at 37.2%) recorded expenditures of COP 14.794 billion, of which the main destination was electoral advertising at COP 9.853 billion. Electoral advertising includes, without mandatory breakdown, social media ad spend. Cepeda holds position 1 on the ballot.

Infobae · Ingresos y gastos de campaña, solo ocho aspirantes reportaron ↗
March 8, 2026 CO reported

Inter-party primaries: over COP 14 billion spent, Miguel Uribe Londoño leads digital ad spend

In the 8 March 2026 inter-party primaries, pre-candidates collectively spent over COP 14 billion. According to the Misión de Observación Electoral report, Miguel Uribe Londoño led digital ad investment with over COP 1.043 billion. The primaries marked the start of a contest where social media displaced mass rallies, partly due to security risks in the territories and the logistical difficulty of touring the country.

Cambio · Candidatos que más gastan en pauta digital ↗

Methodology

Type
event-log
Construction
DC editorial construction
Cadence
weekly

Sources consulted

  1. Cuentas Claras · Consejo Nacional Electoral de Colombia ↗ official

    Official CNE platform where Colombian campaigns report income and spending. Primary source of declared spending. Limitation: voluntary real-time reporting with lags; not all campaigns report on time.

  2. Misión de Observación Electoral (MOE) · Colombia ↗ civil-society

    Independent electoral-observation organization. Publishes reports on digital ad investment and campaign-financing analysis. Key reference for social-media spending not captured by CNE rules.

  3. Transparencia por Colombia ↗ civil-society

    Colombian chapter of Transparency International. Analyzes political financing and the regulatory gray zone of digital advertising.

  4. Meta Ad Library · Transparency Center ↗ official

    Meta's ad library. For ads on social issues, elections or politics, it archives spending, reach and funding entity for 7 years. Requires the advertiser to be authorized. Imperfect coverage of unidentified advertisers ('bodegas').

  5. Google · Political Advertising Transparency Report ↗ official

    Google's political-ads transparency report. Includes only ads from verified advertisers for the relevant region. Coverage limited by prior verification.